Hybrid organizations

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This project focuses on so-called "social" or "impact" enterprises, driven by a dual mission of economic profitability and positive social or environmental impact on society. Embodying a vision of responsible enterprise beyond CSR issues, these organisations face a major challenge in seeking to combine their financial and social objectives.

How do they define themselves ? How can such a change take place in a company that has historically focused solely on its financial objectives ? What management and governance methods lead to the success of such hybrid models ? How can we sustainably combine economic efficiency with social and environmental performance in companies ?

Research subtopics: Social entrepreneurs 🔹 Social businesses

Academic publications

Academy of Management Review

Pache, A.-C., & Santos, F. M. 2021. When Worlds Keep on Colliding: Exploring the Consequences of Organizational Responses to Conflicting Institutional Demands. Academy of Management Review, 46(4), 640–659.


Gautier, A., Pache, A.C., Chowdhury, I., & Ligonie, M. 2021. The missing link: Communities of practice as bridges between institutional entrepreneurs and frontline practitioners.

Gautier, A., Pache, A.C., Chowdhury, I., & Ligonie, M. 2021. The missing link: Communities of practice as bridges between institutional entrepreneurs and frontline practitioners. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 71, 199-230.

Battilana, J., Obloj, T., Pache, A.-C., & Sengul, M. 2020. Beyond Shareholder Value Maximization: Accounting for Financial/Social Tradeoffs in Dual-Purpose Companies.

Battilana, J., Obloj, T., Pache, A.-C., & Sengul, M. 2020. Beyond Shareholder Value Maximization: Accounting for Financial/Social Tradeoffs in Dual-Purpose Companies. Academy of Management Review, In press.

Pache, A.C., & Thornton, P. 2020. Hybridity and institutional logics.

Pache, A.C., & Thornton, P. 2020. Hybridity and institutional logics. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 69, 29-52.

Battilana, J. et al. 2019. Les Clés d'une gestion hybride réussie.

Battilana, J. et al. 2019. Les Clés d'une gestion hybride réussie. Harvard Business Review, (4), 67-75.

André, K. & Pache, A.C. 2016. From caring entrepreneur to caring enterprise: Addressing the ethical challenges of scaling up social enterprises.

André, K. & Pache, A.C. 2016. From caring entrepreneur to caring enterprise: Addressing the ethical challenges of scaling up social enterprises. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 659-675.

Santos, F., Pache, A.-C., & Birkholz, C. 2015. Making hybrids work: Aligning business models and organizational design for social enterprises.

Santos, F., Pache, A.-C., & Birkholz, C. 2015. Making hybrids work: Aligning business models and organizational design for social enterprises. California Management Review, 57(3), 36-58.

Battilana, J. et al. 2015. Harnessing Productive Tensions in hybrid organizations: the case of work integration social enterprises.

Battilana, J. et al. 2015. Harnessing Productive Tensions in hybrid organizations: the case of work integration social enterprises. Academy of Management Journal.

Pache, A.-C., & Santos, F. 2012. Inside the Hybride Organization; selective coupling as a response to competing institutional logics

Pache, A.-C., & Santos, F. 2012. Inside the Hybride Organization; selective coupling as a response to competing institutional logics. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 56, No. 4, 972–1001.

Pache, A.-C., & Chowdhury, I. 2012. Social Entrepreneurs as Institutionally Embedded Entrepreneurs: Toward a New Model of Social Entrepreneurship Education

Pache, A.-C., & Chowdhury, I. 2012. Social Entrepreneurs as Institutionally Embedded Entrepreneurs: Toward a New Model of Social Entrepreneurship Education, Academy of Management Learning & Education, Vol. 11, No. 3, 494–510.

Pache, A.-C. et al. 2010. When Worlds collide: the internal dynamics of organizational responses to conflicting institutional demands.

Pache, A.-C. et al. 2010. When Worlds collide: the internal dynamics of organizational responses to conflicting institutional demands. Academy of Management Review, 2010, Vol.35, No.3, 455-476.

Articles for the public

Additional resources